Bone Densitometry
Bone Densitometry

What is densitometry?

Densitometry is another term for bone density scanning or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). DEXA is the “gold standard” for measuring the amount of minerals like calcium contained in bone. By using a special type of x-ray, the radiologist is able to compare the mineral density of the bone to a standard that represents optimally healthy bone with an ideal mineral density. Based on that comparison, the doctor will assign a number, called a T value, that reflects how well the bone compares with the ideal standard. T values that are within 1 standard deviation (+/- 1 SD) are considered normal; those that are between -1 SD and -2.5 SD reflect low bone mass, and those that fall below -2.5 SD are considered to be osteoporitic. Severe osteoporosis is considered to be present when the SD is below -2.5 and at least one fracture has occurred. DEXA is not 100 percent accurate, but it is considered the best predictor of future fractures and an excellent way to determine the risk of osteoporosis. Bone density scanning is different from a bone scan, which is used to detect diseases and tumors that affect bones.

Why is densitometry performed?

Bone densitometry is primarily used to detect decreases in bone strength that could indicate an increased risk for fractures and to confirm a diagnosis of osteoporosis. It’s also used to monitor treatments for osteoporosis to determine how effective they are.

DEXA is most commonly prescribed for menopausal women, the group that is most at risk for developing osteoporosis, but they may also be recommended in other populations, including those who:

  • have lost 4 cm (1.6 inches) or more in height, which could indicate compression fractures in the spine, another sign of osteoporosis
  • have been using steroid medications or some other types of medications for a prolonged period of time
  • have had a bone marrow or organ transplant
  • have had a drop in hormone levels that is not caused by menopause
  • have a thyroid or parathyroid condition or other medical conditions associated with bone loss
  • have a personal history of smoking
  • have a personal or maternal history of hip fracture
  • have had an x-ray that indicates possible osteoporosis

DEXA is most commonly used to assess the spine, hip or lower arm, but it can be used in other areas of the body as well.

What is the densitometry procedure like?

Densitometry is very similar to an x-ray. You’ll need to remove any jewelry or any other metal, and you may be asked to wear a hospital gown. As you lie on an x-ray table, the DEXA device will pass slowly over your body. The amount of radiation used in a densitometry test is minimal, much lower than what is used in a traditional x-ray. Most scans take less than 30 minutes to perform.

DEXA is an important tool for preventing serious fractures, especially as you get older, and the procedure is simple and painless.

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    Preparation Instructions

        • Do not take calcium supplements for 24 hours prior to your exam.
        • Wear comfortable clothing without metal in the waist and hip area.
        • If you have recently undergone a barium study or oral contrast for CT, you should wait 7 days before having this study.
        • Bring your prescription and insurance card.
        • Bring all previous imaging/radiology studies (that were not done at RAI) relating to your current study.
        • For additional Information please call (609) 585-8800 and press 5.

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